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Oct 24, AM. Leslie books view quotes. Sep 18, PM. Atlas 2, books view quotes. Aug 26, AM. Aug 03, AM. Joseph books view quotes. May 02, PM. DJ books view quotes. Mar 16, PM. Kristopher books view quotes. Fard showed a fair-skinned man. Wallace couldn't resolve the contradiction. Finally, he began his prayer: "Oh Allah, if I'm not seeing you correctly, please help me to see you correctly. In late , Elijah Muhammad appointed his year old son as minister of Temple 11 in Philadelphia.
There, Wallace began to acquaint the Philadelphia membership to orthodox Islamic practices. He taught the basics of Islamic prayer and introduced them to readings in the Qur'an - which was never read in Nation of Islam temples. But he was careful not to raise doubts about the leadership or divinity of his father. In , Wallace Muhammad, was convicted of draft evasion.
Even though he could have performed community service as a conscientious objector, he chose to serve three years in Sandstone Federal Correctional Institution.
He made that decision because his father insisted. Every night for three years, those words rang in his ears. He resolved to study, become stronger, to become a better leader for the Nation of Islam. In accepting this, he had to reject what he had been taught. He made up his mind never again to preach that his father was the messenger of Allah and that W. Fard was God incarnate. At 32, Wallace Muhammad was released from prison.
The El Aksa Mosque was built between A. Throughout the years the mosque has been destroyed several times by earthquakes and subsequently rebuilt. A few supporting columns east of the cupola are the most prominent remains of the original mosque that has survived. Professor Mordechai Kedar, is one of the most insightful Israeli professors who understands the complex Arab point of view.
He understands them as he understands and speaks Arabic fluently. That is the key to truly understanding the Arab point of view. The Temple Mount is often called the most hotly contested location in the world. Although that may be an overstatement, there is definitely a lot of truth to that statement.
For the Jewish people, there is absolutely no place that is holier than the Temple Mount in the world. It is the location where the Temple stood for years and then for years. The central focal point of the Jewish people has always been — for more than three thousand years — the Temple in Jerusalem.
Even in the more than 2, years that the Temple was destroyed, it was the focal point. Yearning to rebuild the Temple is always part of the prayers of the Jewish people. Whenever anyone tries to discuss the importance of Al Aqsa to the Arabs as opposed to the importance of the Temple Mount to the Jewish people, they miss out on the key point.
What matters is that the entire Arab claim to any part of the Land of Israel is driven more by anti-Jewish attitudes and less by a genuine connection to any specific location.
But in order to truly understand that, one needs to listen to Arab preachers — in Arabic. The most important reconstruction was after an earthquake in A. D when the mosque was enlarged to house worshipers. The builders used capitals and columns of destroyed Byzantine churches in their reconstruction work. The conquering Muslims brought a different attitude with them. In contrast to the Byzantine and Roman conquerors who let the Temple Mount remain in ruins as a proof of the destruction of Jewish nationalism, the Muslims restored worship to the Mount.
Yet the worship was not of Yahweh, the God of the Bible, but of Allah. When the Muslims became the rulers in Jerusalem some matters became easier for the Jews.
They were officially allowed to live in the city and there is evidence that on certain holy days they were even permitted on the Temple Mount. Reports say that the Jews would march in procession around the walls of the Temple Mount on feast days and pray at the gates. A document written in the tenth century indicates that one of the conditions for allowing the Jews to pray at the gates was that the Jewish community would be responsible for keeping the Mount clean.
The Jews, the document states, were responsible to sweep the Mount. Other accounts indicate that Jews were employed in the Mosque area and that Jewish craftsmen made lamps for the Mosque. The Mishna Berachot reveals that the Jews of all ages are required to show reverence for the site of their former temples:. No man shall behave frivolously when standing near the eastern gate, which looks to the Holy of Holies: he shall not enter the temple mount with his cane, his shoes, his purse, or the dust on his feet, nor shall he use it as a short cut, still less shall he spit there.
Inscriptions have been found at the gates of the Temple Mount that were probably put there by Jewish Pilgrims during the early Arab rule. One such inscription, when translated, reads:. Amen and amen. The names on the inscription indicate they were Jews from a Greek-speaking country. Though the Jews were allowed more access than in the Roman or Byzantine period, they were still far from their desired goal of retaking Jerusalem and the Temple Mount. In the last years, with only one exception, the Temple Mount has been in the hands of Muslims.
The Crusaders slaughtered the inhabitants of Jerusalem in an unjustified carnage. A remnant of the Crusader occupation still exists today, the tombs of the assassins of Thomas Beckett the Archbishop of Canterbury After murdering Beckett the assassins traveled to Jerusalem and took up with the Templar Knights.
Their tombs are situated near the main entrance. The Western world rejoiced that Jerusalem was in the hands of "Christians. The Crusader occupation was relatively short-lived.
The Muslim leader Saladin Salah al-Din proclaimed a jihad, or holy war, to retake the land of Palestine. After ninety years of Crusader control, Jerusalem surrendered to Saladin's army on October 2, In contrast to the brutality of the Crusaders, Saladin treated the defeated Crusaders with kindness and mercy.
The golden cross that was placed on the Dome of the Rock was torn down. Saladin rededicated the Templar's headquarters as a mosque. The Dome was covered with beautiful mosaics and a prayer niche facing Mecca was added. Jerusalem was back in the hands of the Muslims and Europe was ready to avenge the defeat.
A Third Crusade was undertaken to free Jerusalem from the armies of Saladin. Richard the Lion-hearted led England and other Crusaders in a fruitless attempt to retake the city. To this day, the Temple Mount remains in Muslim control. In the Jewish sage Nahmanides wrote to a letter to his son. It contained the following references to the land and the Temple.
What shall I say of this land. The more holy the place the greater the desolation. Jerusalem is the most desolate of all. There are about 2, inhabitants. There are now only two brothers, dyers, who buy their dyes from the government.
At their place a quorum of worshippers meets on the Sabbath, and we encourage them, and found a ruined house, built on pillars, with a beautiful dome, and made it into a synagogue. People regularly come to Jerusalem, men and women from Damascus and from Aleppo and from all parts of the country, to see the Temple and weep over it.
And may He who deemed us worthy to see Jerusalem in her ruins, grant us to see her rebuilt and restored, and the honor of the Divine Presence returned. An account exists of Napoleons visit to the Temple Mount of the 9th Av, the day of the commemoration of the Temple's destruction.
When asked what all the crying and wailing was about, Napoleon was told that the Jews were mourning their Temple which had been destroyed years previously. Touched by the incident the French Monarch said, "a people which weeps and mourns for the loss of its homeland year ago and does not forget - such a people will never be destroyed. Such a people can rest assured that its homeland will be returned to it. The Ottoman Turks, non-Arab Muslims, became the dominant power in the 15th century.
In they captured the city of Constantinople and brought about the final destruction of the Eastern Roman Empire Byzantine. They renamed the city Istanbul and made it the center of their empire. The rule of the Turks over Jerusalem would last exactly four hundred years. Suleiman restored the Al Aksa Mosque and some of the present stained glass windows date from this period.
The Arabs found themselves under the domination of the Turks. For four hundred years of Turkish rule the Arabs did not possess even a single, independent state. Even during the Jewish exile extending over many centuries, the people continually expressed hope for a return to Jerusalem, for the rebuilding of the city and of the Temple.
Two eighteenth century rabbis, Jacob Emden and Jonathan Eibschutz were fierce rivals. On the subject of returning to Jerusalem, however they saw eye to eye.
Emden wrote:. We do not mourn properly over Jerusalem. Were we guilty of this transgression alone, it would be sufficient reason for the extension of the period of our Exile. In my opinion this is the most likely, most apparent and the strongest reason for all of the dreadful terrifying persecutions which have been fallen us in Exile, in all the places of our dispersion. We have been hotly pursued.
We have not been granted rest among the nations with our humiliation, affliction and homelessness, because this sense of mourning has left our hearts. While becoming complacent in a land not ours, we have forgotten Jerusalem; we have not taken it to heart. Therefore, "Like one who is dead we have been forgotten," from generation to generation sorrow is added to our sorrow and our pain.
One must weep ceaselessly over the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the restoration of the glory of King David, for that is the object of human perfection. If we do not have Jerusalem and the kingdom of the House of David, why should we have life? Since our many transgressions have led to the Destruction and to the desolation of our glorious Temple and the loss of the kingdom of the House of David, the degree which we suffer the absence and the lack of good is known to all.
Surely have we descended from life until death. And the converse is also true: "When the Lord restores the captivity of Zion," we shall ascend from death unto life. Certainly the heart of anyone who possesses the soul of a Jew is broken when he recalls the destruction of Jerusalem. The hope of the Jews in diaspora is that one day they would again come to their land, rebuild the Holy City, and their Temple.
Barclay in the mid 19th Century wrote about the barring of those from the Mount who were not of the Islamic faith:. When the clock of the Mosk needs repairing, they are compelled, however reluctantly to employ a Frank. But in order to have a clean conscience in the commission of such an abominable piece of sacrilege as the admission upon the sacred premises, they adopt the following expedient.
The mechanic selected being thoroughly purged from his uncleanness ablution. This being satisfactorily concluded, he is considered as exorcised, not only of Christianity or Judaism, as the case may be , but of humanity also; and is declared to be no longer a man but a donkey. He is then mounted upon the shoulders of the faithful, lest. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Jewish persecution was on the increase.
In , as a result of persecution of the Jews in Russia and Romania, the first immigration of Jewish settlers to Palestine began. In Arab leaders prepared a petition to the Ottoman government in Constantinople to demand and end to Jewish immigration into Palestine and prohibit Jewish land purchases. He argued that the only way in which the "Jewish problem" can be resolved is by establishing a Jewish state in Palestine. Herzl's writing start the Jews on the road back to their Promised homeland.
During the time of Turkish rule, at the beginning of this century, one of the biggest uproars that ever occurred around the Temple Mount took place. It was the ill-fated Parker expedition. A Swedish philosopher named Valter H. Juvelius thought he found a coded passage in the book of Ezekiel that gave the location of this lost treasure.
Since digging was not allowed on the Temple Mount Parker and his group had to content themselves with digging around the area. After months of digging around the Temple Mount no "secret passage" could be found. With their permit to dig about to expire Parker bribed the Turkish governor to let him and his cohorts secretly dig on the Temple Mount.
Dressed in Arab garb the group came to the Mount at night and stealthily dug while it was dark. For about a week they continued this practice. However just when they began to excavate the place where they believed the treasure to be fate intervened. An attendant of the Mosque decided to sleep that night on Temple Mount. Hearing strange noises coming from the Mosque he decided to investigate.
He came upon Parker and his illegal dig. Immediately the horrified Muslim took to the streets to reveal with sacrilege. This result was a riot: On the morning of April 19, , a crowd of angry Muslims, outraged at what they considered to be a desecration of the holy Mosque of Omar or the Dome of the Rock, rampaged through the streets of Jerusalem, quickly mobbing the entrance to the government citadel.
The Turkish governor of the city, fearing for his own life at the hands of the crowd ordered troops to quell the disturbance. But the soldiers were unable to control the growing mobs, and by nightfall, rioting and mayhem had spread to all parts of the city. Never before had an archaeological expedition ended in so violent an uproar.
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